Evaluate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluate - Essay Example Evaluation Rationale The justification behind evaluation in human resource development can be attributed to instructional provision of empirical data that would be helpful in improving the outcome of the training program. Most organizations expect a better overall performance but this is attached to individual productivity. This explains the need for individual focused training that is likely to help trainees realize their unique and diverse potentials. There will be three general levels of evaluation and the first one will be perception. In this level, the recruits or employees will be initiated to develop sense of training environment where instructors use different approaches to express ideas (Piskurich, 2003). In this case, much attention will be shifted to level 2 type of evaluation which constitutes learning. This level of evaluation will be executed through administration of written test to find out the content knowledge of the trainees at the end of the program. In regard to biometric voter registration kits applications, this test may equally include practical requirement that trainees show their newly acquired skills in ease of using the kit, successfully assembling and disassembling it. The tests are taken through review by the human resource team to identify the strengths and weak points of each employee for further actions and improvement strategies. The last part and third part which is performance is critical as it will help the trainers and human resource team identify the pitfalls when the trainees have begun to undertake trials with the kit. The five W’s and H of learning as a critical aspect of training in human resource development and for the use of biometric voter registration kit is presented in the table below. Who What when where why how Perception Administered by electoral body Facilitator Measure recruits perception of the training Immediately after training session In the classroom before they leave the training program Determ ine if the recruits/staff were satisfied with the content and / or the instructor Survey Learning Administered by electoral body Facilitator Measure knowledge and skills learned in using the BVR kit Administered at the end of the training program In the classroom and on the job To ensure that recruits/staff have acquired necessary knowledge to use the kits Hands on test In class practice Performance Administered by electoral body HR Development and Training head. Measure of actual transfer of learning of assembling the BVR kit components, using it to successfully register potential electorate and disassemble after use. After the recruits finish a given stage of training On the orientation phase Determine recruits’ ability to understand and use the Biometric voter registration kit. Observation Supervisor assessment Performance checklist Evaluation Tools Level 1 Training Survey Evaluation Scale: Evaluation Scale (1) Superior (2) Excellent (3) Good (4) Fair (5) Poor The content of the module was practical and useful to my contract I will be able to use the knowledge and skills gained through this training program The content of this activity matched announced objectives The delivery method (handouts, videos and demonstration) were appropriate The instructor was

My Mother Essay Example for Free

My Mother Essay Of all the persons in the world, my mother loves me most, and I also love her from the core of my heart. To me, she is like a living goddess who takes all kinds of pain and care for my sake. When I am sick, she spends sleepless nights by my sick-bed. When I come first in my class exami-nation, she becomes perhaps the happiest person on earth. see more:essay on my father in marathi From my childhood, I have been greatly influenced by my mother. She has always guided me in the right path in every step of my life. She has taught me discipline, manners, and the sense of duty towards others in the family and in the society. I remember that she used to relate to me many oriental and mythological tales, when I was a child and did not know ho\V to read and write. She has taught me to love my country and my countrymen. She helps me every day in preparing my home-work given by the class-teacher. My mother is an ideal woman in my life. I feel myself fortunate for being born as her son. She is very anxious about my health, my education, and my prosperity. I feel that there is no other person nearest to the heart than a mother in this world. My mother is an affectionate and pious lady. She loves me very much. I love her, too. She takes care of all of us. She gets up early in the morning, makes our breakfast, lunch and dinner with her own hands. She looks after the cleanliness of the house and furniture, and also our clothes and health. When I fall sick, my mother passes sleepless nights by the side of my sick bed. Her anxiety and her fear disappear after my recovery from illness. In my eyes, she is really an ideal mother. My mother has taught me the importance of discipline, good manners, honesty, sense of duty and reverence towards the elders in life. She also taught me to defend and help the poor and the weak, and lodge a protest against injustice. When I was just a child, my mother used to tell me many oriental and mythological tales. When I grew up a little, she taught me how to read and write. Even to this day, she helps me to prepare my homework given by my class teacher. In every matter of my life, I depend on my mothers help and guidance: Her blessings are always with me.

The Symbol of the Rose in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily :: William Faulkner A Rose for Emily

The Symbol of the Rose in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" In William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily," Miss Emily Grierson is a lonely old woman, living a life void of all love and affection; although the rose only directly appears in the title, the rose surfaces throughout the story as a symbol. In contemporary times, the rose also symbolizes emotions like love and friendship. The rose symbolizes dreams of romances and lovers. These dreams belong to women, who like Emily Grierson, have yet to experience true love for themselves. Throughout the life of Emily Grierson, she remains locked up, never experiencing love from anyone but her father. She lives a life of loneliness, left only to dream of the love missing from her life. The rose from the title symbolizes this absent love. It symbolizes the roses and flowers that Emily never received, the lovers that overlooked her. The domineering attitude of Emily's father keeps her to himself, inside the house, and alone until his death. In his own way, Emily's father shows her how to love. Through a forced obligation to love only him, as he drives off young male callers, he teaches his daughter lessons of love. It is this dysfunctional love that resurfaces later, because it is the only way Emily knows how to love. When Homer Baron, a construction worker, comes into Emily's life he sheds hope into her life. He offers Emily a chance to feel love and to receive the affection she has previously only dreamed of. Together they take Sunday carriage rides, and for awhile, the town's people seem to think that Emily will finally wed. It appears to them that Emily has finally found her rose. Emily then sets out to fulfill the ultimate form of the rose dream, that of marriage. She purchases "a man's toilet set in silver, with the letters H.B. on each piece"(Faulkner 77) and "a complete outfit of men's clothing, including a nightshirt"(Faulkner 77). However, Homer disappears when his work is through, leaving Emily once again without a rose. Within a couple of weeks Homer, is seen entering Emily's house late at night. Emily realizes that Homer has no plans to stay, so she demonstrates her love the only way she knows how, by killing him. In her own way, she forces Homer to love her and to stay with her. In doing so, Emily's rose wilts forever.

Analyse the cash flow problems a business might experience Essay

In this assignment I will be analysing that a business might experience if their sales figures turn out to be lower than the ones that they have expected or predicted. 1.1 problems of cash flow forecast Problem 1 Cash flow forecasts are something really important for a business and something that is a part of a business plan. A cash flow forecast is a plan for the future it will tell you whenever the costs are going to be raised over the year. It can also tell you what the business revenue is going to be and what the business performance for the following year is. Problem 2 From what I can see on Ricky’s cash flow is that he is relying on that one loan which is his capital that he begins with too and that is  £17,500 from the first month which is January. Bank loans are great for starting a business but that does not mean that they can not let you down in this case a bank loan can fail Rick because if the bank loan gets delayed or no longer available then this is a big problem for Rick because he cannot do anything best way to explain this would be he would not be able to pay for the truck which is  £20,000 and not only the truck that would not be paid for but the sales cost would not be covered. His total payments only for the beginning of year which is the month January his total payments are  £22,475 with this type of problems or should I say impacts that can happen there is no way that his business would survive. Problem 3 Another critical problem that can occur from that cash flow is if the sales figure is lower than the actual sales figure. For example the sales figure that has been predicted by Ricky is  £60,000 but let’s say that he actually gets  £40,000 as his total figure for his sales. This is a major problem simply because what he as predicted to get for his sales has not been met and  £40,000 worth of sales would not be enough to keep his business running regularly. Costs for everything would not be covered just because of this problem which again is very crucial for the business and of course loss  would occur there is no way that Rick would make any profit due to this problem. In addition the business would have to start the new month with a loss and again this is just because the total sales are low this would yet again mean that he cannot cover the costs for that month and he would have a greater loss that he would not allow him to recover fast enough for the next month in order for his business to be still up and working. Problem 4 Looking at Rick’s cash flow forecast I can see that there can be another problem that can occur and this problem is to do with his expenses and that is if his expenses turn out to be lower to what the actual expenses appear to be this can cause him not only a problem but a failure to his business because his expenses are  £71,750 and lets say for example they actually come out to be 81,950 this is where the big problem will occur because his expenses are higher and this would lead to Rick not being able to cover for the next year. Plus if the expenses go up in any month of the year this would decrease the chance of Rick gaining any type of profit and the balance would be different for the next month by all means this would affect the profit and balance within the business. 1.2 recommendations and solutions to the problems Solution to problem 1 Possible solution that Rick has for his bank loan problems is that he can either make sure to use his own savings that he has saved through out the years and that’s if he has saved any money in his savings account but probably the best and I would say most common way to get the money you need is if you ask friends to get you a loan or someone from the family to lend you money. He could also decide to get a small over draft which would keep his business running. Yet again lest not forget an overdraft has its disadvantage and that is when it come to paying back that over draft the interest rate would be high so he would have to think of a way to pay that off and it would not be an easy task for Ricky. Of course Ricky has the option of selling his own assets but that is just an option that could be left for last. In general I would recommend for Ricky to get a loan from his family or friends because in my opinion that is the best possible decision and the best possible way from h im to get his business up and running. Solution to problem 2 For the second problem there is a solution but this would have to be done correctly by Ricky and the solution is advertisement IF any type of business is looking to increase their sales the best way possible is to make sure to advertise their services a lot and reason being is to make sure that they let their customers know what they have to offer. Yet again we have to look at this from Ricky’s perspective what I would recommend for him to do is whenever he decides to advertise the best thing to do is to make sure he keeps his prices low because first of all this would give him an opportunity to show people what his business has to offer and second of all he would not have to pay a great amount of money to get his services advertised. Solution to problem 3 Another solution to his second problem would be if Ricky uses appropriate pricing such as low prices on the services he has to offer. That due to the fact that he is just starting his business it is not very known to people that are regular customers to other businesses and low pricing is the only way that he would gain customers. In addition this relates to his advertisement solution because if he advertises that his services are on low prices people would have more interest into going to see what Ricky’s business has to offer. I would also recommend for him to put his prices up only if his business is succeeding with the sales then he would be able to increase sales even more by doing this. Solution to problem 4 Solution to Ricky’s final problem would be for him to make sure that he monitors his expenses and by doing that he would be able to control them. What I would recommend for Ricky to do is to keep budgets this would help him to keep the costs in those fixed budgets by doing this Ricky would not overspend and he would keep the very most important thing in the cash flow chart low and that is his payments figure. The way that he can stay within his fixed budget is by doing this. For example his budget is  £80 000 and as we know his forecasted total expenses are  £71 750 he would be left out with  £8250 which he can use for next year to either to expand the business or to  improve on some things that the business needs and he can make the budget lower for next year. Another solution to his final problem is to find new suppliers or the best way is to make sure he buys his tools that he needs at a lower price. This would help him and his business so much it will actually make his business run fluently at the begging because that is what he wants so by him keeping the tool price low and this would mean that his costs are low too then at the end he is left with his expenses which will be low too and this could mean that they can match the figure that he has predicted on his cash flow forecast. 1.3 Conclusion In conclusion I have learnt that whenever you want to start a new business you would not only have to make a cash flow forecast but you would most defiantly have to predict the problems that might occur and how would you as a business man stand up to these problems and solve them and you would also have to know how to make sure these problems never occur in order for your business to be running smoothly.

Solutions to Hurricane Sandy

Dear New Yorkers, Last week, Super storm Sandy tore up the East Coast, leaving a path of immeasurable destruction and devastation in its wake. In addition, while many are still reeling and searching for necessities, we are reminded that some challenges like not having access to gas, water, electricity and damage to houses get resolved as soon as possible. It is imperative that we change these problems and fix them. That is why people like the American Cancer Society, ConEdison and volunteers are here around the clock to offer those facing trials and tribulations the information and support they continue to need.As New Yorkers, we will fight to the finish to make sure everything will be in tiptop shape again. While the damage and disruption that Sandy brought across the Eastern US continues to be assessed, as we move through energy and gasoline, housing is really the Number 1 concern. Many homeowners will most likely rebuild their homes. Unfortunately, no one can stop Mother Nature an d this weather-related catastrophe could happen again. Restructuring the sand dunes to even greater heights will only allow the tropical and hurricane force winds to displace more sand and Atlantic Ocean salt water on the streets and into the homes and businesses.However, there is a way to alleviate some of the problems. All the municipalities along the entire New Jersey coastline should require the homeowners to rebuild their homes above ground level. These homes should be built on pilings that are anchored deep into the ground with a minimum height requirement of 6 feet above ground level. The sand dunes should be rebuilt on a minimum height scale. This would mean less displacement of sand throughout the towns. Hundreds of cars lined up for gasoline while other gas stations, with millions of gallons statewide, sit empty because they have no power to operate their pumps.I know as New Yorkers we have questions such as why is the installation of generators in gas stations a statutory requirement for operating a gas station. Meanwhile, traffic signals at major intersections are out, creating dangerous driving conditions, while the streetlights adjacent to the traffic lights have power and are on. I know it does not take an electrical engineer to figure out what is wrong with that picture. Well the fact of the matter is, people still had to go to work and school. Therefore, they had to do what they saw best fit, which was driving.Fortunately, more gas tankers and barges are coming to the area and ‘there will be more of a supply of gas,' but that availability problems may continue for a few more days. The relentless dedication of our millions of supporters enables our society to deliver on our mission of saving lives by helping people stay well. In addition, helping people get well together, we can emerge from any storm that comes our way and continue to create a world with less cancer and more birthdays. I hope this note finds you and your loved ones safe a nd secure. -Mayor

Surveillance in George Orwells 1984 Essay Example

Surveillance in George Orwells 1984 Essay Example Surveillance in George Orwells 1984 Essay Surveillance in George Orwells 1984 Essay Essay Topic: 1984 George orwell One of the main reoccurring themes in Orwell’s vision of a dystopian world is the idea of constant surveillance. This can be categorised into four groups. Firstly there are obvious threats which Winston endures on an everyday basis. These include patrols and helicopters that ‘hover like bluebottles stooping into people’s windows.’ Orwell uses this simile to draw an analogy between life today and life in his dystopian world and uses relatable problems such as flies in order to make the reader more understanding and therefore sympathetic towards Winston. Secondly Orwell uses the concept of underlying and inescapable threats, for example telescreens and hidden microphones. This technology is what appears to affect the lives of the characters most as they are unaware of when they are being observed. The effect of this is uneasiness between characters, making social interaction awkward. This is evident when Winston and Julia’s relationship is blossoming b ut yet they must search for different locations every time they meet up. However, the characters still remain uneasy after finding seemingly suitable locations, thus highlighting their fear of Big Brother who could be observing them at any time. The personality of Big Brother himself is a confusing concept, which even Winston fails to fully understand. On one hand he appears benevolent and protective, much like his name suggests, while alternatively he is ruthless and invasive. The phrase ‘Big Brother is watching you’ can therefore be interpreted in two ways, suggesting Orwell believed that it is possible that all people are both good and bad, however opinions can alter between individuals. The Thought Police are another key concept of 1984, who pose a very eerie threat to the public, and thus causing citizens to self-regulate. The Thought Police supposedly pick up expressions, which suggest an individual is not fully committed to governmental plans. For example, looking disa

Corporal Punishment and Children Essay Sample

Corporal Punishment and Children Essay Sample Corporal Punishment in Disciplining the Children Essay Corporal Punishment in Disciplining the Children Essay Everyone, who has to deal with children, knows that as a result of using rewards and a punishment, their children become disciplined and behave reasonably. Today, there are different views on the use of rewards and punishments in parenting among educators and the general public. Some believe that parents should punish their children as often as possible and less encourage. Others advise to use more encouragement and less punishment. Some think children should only be encouraged, and not be punished at all. And there are those who believe that a true education is a general education without any kind whatsoever rewards and punishments. Is Corporal Punishment Needed to Discipline Children? Canadian Pediatric Society states that, disciplining children is one of the most important yet difficult responsibilities of parenting, and there are no shortcuts. The physician must stress that teaching about limits and acceptable behaviour takes time and a great deal of energy. The hurried pace of today’s society can be an obstacle to effective discipline. The goal of effective discipline is to foster acceptable and appropriate behaviour in the child and to raise emotionally mature adults. A disciplined person is able to postpone pleasure, is considerate of the needs of others, is assertive without being aggressive or hostile, and can tolerate discomfort when necessary. (â€Å"Effective discipline for children† 2004) The meaning of rewards and punishment in the system of education is very local. It is not among the educational tools that are needed every day and for every step. It is possible, for example, during the day. Sometimes a whole week could be worked with a class without using rewards and punishments. In the family, where right relationships between parents and children exist, it is possible not to use rewards and punishments much longer. This paper is going to discuss whether a corporal punishment is needed in order to discipline children or not. There is no issue, which is more controversial for parents and professionals than the question of whether corporal punishment, such as slippers, should be a part of an educational process. All recognize that punishment plays an important role, but not all come to an agreement according to such methods. However, this issue has become so prevalent only in the twentieth century. Before that time, a physical punishment was used in all educational systems implicitly. Modern parents consider that birch is outdated and is being a too cruel method of education for children. Thus, a lot of questions arise referring to this issue. Is it humane to use a birch? Doesn’t it affect it the fragile childs psyche negatively? What do modern scientists say about a physical punishment? Recently, child psychologists and educators, as it is clear from the online publications, have reviewed a traditional view concerning the inadmissibility of the physical punishment of children. Sometimes, though not in all cases, the physical punishment can be surprisingly effective. This is what said by researchers. However, it should be used with a caution and wisdom. According to the CNN: Sweden, in 1979, was the first to make it illegal to strike a child as a form of discipline. Since then, many other countries in Europe have also instituted bans, as have New Zealand and some countries in Africa and the Americas. (â€Å"Corporal punishment policies around the world† 2011). The corporal punishment has its advantages and disadvantages. A cruel and neglect treatment of parents towards their children leads to such a phenomenon as children escape from home, increasing the child homelessness, child trafficking, and a commercial sexual exploitation of them. The corporal punishment is a part of child abuse. The use of such a method of education can lead to some conflicts in families, which, in turn, cause the effects described above. It has long been studied that a child plays in the future the pattern of behavior that he or she has known as being a child. Physical abuse then becomes a norm in the life. In addition, some children, who were punished by their parents, according to the observations of practicing psychologists, have low self-esteem, a lack of confidence in them, and an inactive lifestyle. There is another option – such children have the increased levels of aggression, especially towards a weaker person. The corporal punishment can lead to children abuse in a family. The reasons for such a phenomenon are: The personal qualities of parents (aggressiveness and authoritarianism); A lack of a parental positive example of child education; Alcoholism, drug abuse; Physical or mental deficiencies of parents (mental retardation, mental illness, deafness, blindness, and etc.); Inability to raise children; Ignorance of rights and responsibilities; Ignorance of rights and needs of children; Inability to overcome family and life crises; A lack of self-realization. The causes of the parents’ child abuse may be the factors of family education, which lead to the disintegration of the I in a child. It is the lack of the parents’ understanding of personal identity of the child; the rejection of adults in a childs individuality; and discrepancy of needs and expectations of parents and capabilities and some needs of children. It is also related to the illegality of education at different ages; inconsistency in relationships of adults and children; inconsistency of the content, aims and means of education among parents; and the desire of recognition in some areas (professional , economic, and social). Few more causes also include the impossibility to achieve it; the sudden major changes in different spheres of life (job loss, illness, death of his wife, and etc.); the inability to inhibit his or her behavior frequently; an example of their parents, a mental illness; and some gender stereotypes of the society, i.e. the representations of gender in the society. There are as well such causes as socio-cultural perceptions of gender that dictates a certain behavior, cultural norms, a fashion, and the psychological qualities: ability, activities of the profession. Thus, it is encouraged those behavior that matches a gender role. It is depressed those that does not meet a gender role. In most situations, the person who uses the corporal punishment is not aware of bad consequences of such behavior, believing that his or her actions are caused with positive intentions, are legitimate and justified. However, the effects of the use of the physical punishment on children can be negative and prolonged. A child, who has suffered abuse, receives a traumatic experience, accompanied by traumatic experiences, reproduced in the form of the inappropriate behavioral responses. All this leads to a disorganized behavior and its development. Trust to parents and the sense of security in the family are important for a child. These components are lost in the application of violence. The use of alternative methods of parenting depends on the pedagogical culture of parents, teachers, a social and micro environment, culture, moral values, and so on. Thus, an antithesis of violence and child abuse is tolerance, which is essential for communication, a partnership, and joint activities. It is a basis for the culture of peace in a family, a community, and a society. The main features of the tolerant person are: a commitment to others, patience, charity, and the sense of humor, compassion, trust, altruism, self-mastery, kindness, a non-judgmental attitude, and humanity. They also involve such as an ability to listen to the interlocutor, curiosity, and capacity for empathy. Rather, each adult will find the drawbacks, or say that he is not always tolerant. The basis of tolerance is to take a human as he or she is. When one asks parents what they want to see their child, they say: intelligent, honest, healthy, and successful. However, if a child is sick or less intelligent, then this does not mean that his or her parents will not love him or her. The child must be happy in the family. The family should be a cradle of democracy rather than a cradle of violence. Regarding to the education in the family on a democratic basis, this means building a relationship with: An establishment of a subject object relationship in the interaction of parents and children, i.e. a dialogue; A rejection of direct coercion; Taking into account the individual characteristics of the child, the needs, interests and characteristics of the child; An acceptance of each other as they are: recognition of the right to difference and dissimilarity; A focus on self-actualization and self-realization, the development of each family member and the family, as a whole; Respect for the individual family members, recognition of the priority of their rights, appeal to the responsibility and duty; Punishing a child under the hot hand, parents demonstrate a worse possession with themselves than the child is required. Doing this is for not correcting the child, but in order to defuse tension. It is necessary to remember that parents cannot give the children more than they have. Corporal punishment requires less intelligence and abilities than any educational activities. The childs behavior will be unpredictable. The child will not understand and comprehend morality. Slap can only affirm, but not change the behavior of the kid. The aim of a disciplinary technique is the desire to change the child, not just his or her behavior. The punishment has forced the child to fear of losing parental love. He or she feels outcast and starts to get a jealous brother or sister. Frequent punishments encourage child to be infantile. The punished child may have hostile feelings towards parents. As a result, a personal conflict occurs. The physical punishment is a measure not only of the weakness, confusion, but the lack of culture and teaching as well. It is necessary to talk with the child so that there will not any doubt that parents follow the care and concern for him or her, and not dismiss the desire to offend. According to â€Å"Position Statement on Physical/Corporal Punishment†: One of the most useful ways to achieve healthy child development is to promote using words instead of actions. Increasing the childs capacity to put words to feelings and actions results in increased tension regulation (awareness of feelings and ability to tolerate them without having to act), self-awareness, and thoughtful decision-making.† (American Psychoanalytic Association n. d.) Parents should not forget to share with their children their achievements and failures. Then, they will open their secrets and wait for advice and support. If possible, it is advisable to replace the corporal punishment with: Patience (this is the highest virtue which can be in parents); Explanation (parents should explain the child why his or her behavior is wrong); Distraction (parents should try to offer their child something more attractive than what he or she wants); Encouragement (it is more effective than the punishment). Corporal punishment has its positive sides as well. Parents should use the punishment as a method of education with a caution and wisdom. According to Phil for Humanity: â€Å"Corporal punishment is both quick and saves time, therefore allowing both parties to return to their tasks (such as a child returning to the classroom to resume learning)† (Phil, n. d.). The Bible adds that parents should educate children with great love. According to the Bible, love is a main cause of physical punishment. â€Å"Whoever spares the rod hates their children, but the one who loves their children is careful to discipline them† (Proverbs 13:24). One might wonder: how love can be combined with violence? It turns out that there is an explanation for it. Children, especially little ones, do not have yet formed moral beliefs. Therefore, an instruction and reproaches will not help them. And the only tangible evidence in the form of slap on a soft seat can be remembered in the memory for a l ong time, together with the moral implications. Oddly enough, the same principle of the conditioned reflex, as among Pavlovs dogs is based on the punishment. A child, standing before the temptation of losses, must remember how the same had ended before. And, if the memories are pretty nasty, the child will most likely change his or her mind to do harm. Now, let’s go back to the caution of modern psychologists and educators about the wise use of physical effects on the child. Indeed, such methods are very powerful. That is why, their misuse can harm more than help. Here are the rules of scientists for loving parents who have decided to punish their child with birch or strap: Parents should handle the birch or strap without anger, but only with love for the child: to change him or her. It is necessary to punish the child physically immediately after the transgression (and even better during the transgression). Parents should not delay the procedure and, moreover, they should not punish the child for some transgressions together. It necessary to explain to the child for what his or her punishment is. After the punishment, parents should hug the child and tell how they love him or her and why they had to punish. Parents cannot remember and have to reprove the child for repaid transgression. It is also necessary to think before the application of the physical punishment. Maybe, verbal notations, and even stern look will be sufficient for some children. Parents should not abuse with the physical punishment. Many teachers of the past and modern scientists, who were engaged in the problem of rewards and punishments in the education of children, consider that the use of rewards and punishments shows the imperfection of the parents’ art of education. It is better if the educator or parents believe that rewards and punishments will be useless. This research paper has discussed in details the causes of this view. It is clear that the time decides this dispute in a long run. One thing is certain. Today, education is impossible without these tools. The problem lies in the fact that the use of punishment has to be at least elementary literacy in a pedagogical sense. Mastering the art of using punishments’ demands from teachers and parents is the hard work. The punishment is a very difficult thing. It requires tact and a huge caregiver care. Thus, the punishment is still needed, but in certain cases. Such ones have been mentioned above and should be applied with love, caution, and wisdom. One can assume that, to some extent, the improvement of the educational process, the growth of a pedagogical training of teachers, their skills at school, fewer cases of the use of rewards and punishments will be which are pointless, sometimes contradictory elementary standards of ethics and law. On the contrary, more and more people will use rewards and punishments as a pedagogical correction, exactly subtly designed and implemented by the teachers’ influence and a public opinion group. However, this does not happen by itself.

Analysis of the Robert Browning Poem My Last Duchess

Analysis of the Robert Browning Poem My Last Duchess Robert Browning was a prolific poet and at times his poetry drew a  stark contrast to that of his famous wife, Elizabeth Barrett Browning. A perfect example is his dramatic monologue, My Last Duchess, which is dark and a daring portrait of a domineering man. Though written in 1842, My Last Duchess is set in the 16th-century. And yet, it speaks volumes of the treatment of women in the Victorian time of the Brownings. The misogynistic character of the poem is also a severe contrast to Browning himself who was a master of negative capability. Browning would often write poetry of men like the duke who dominated (and barely loved) his wife while penning endearing love poems to his own Elizabeth. My Last Duchess is a poem to that engages conversation and it is a perfect study for any student of classic literature. The Contrast of the Brownings Poetry Elizabeth Barrett Brownings most famous sonnet asks, How do I love thee? Let me count the ways? Sounds lovely, does it not? On the other hand, Porphyrias Lover, an infamous poem that was written by Elizabeths husband, would count the ways in a very disturbing and unexpected manner. Step 1) Welcome the beautiful girl into your secret meeting place.Step 2) Listen while she declares her undying love for you.Step 3) Tenderly wrap her long, golden hair around her throat.Step 4) Strangle her.Step 5) Sit happily next to her dead body. The above list is a disgustingly violent scenario, the sort one might expect to find in a grizzly episode of some CSI knock-off or straight-to-video slasher flick. Or maybe its even darker than that, due to the last nihilistic lines of the poem: And all night long we have not stirred,And yet God has not said a word! (lines 59-60) If it were read aloud in a creative writing classroom today, the students would probably shift uncomfortably in their seats, and the unsettled English teacher might very well recommend counseling for the poet. Yet, far from modern, Porphyrias Lover is a product of Englands prim and oh-so-proper Victorian society of the mid-1800s, and the poet was an adoring husband in favor of equality for women. So why then does Browning delve into the mindset of a misogynistic sociopath, not just with Porphyrias Lover, but also with the deviously cruel poem My Last Duchess? Browning exercises what John Keats referred to as negative capability: an artists capacity to lose himself in his characters, revealing nothing of his own personality, political views, or philosophies. In order to critique the oppressive, male-dominated society of his age, Browning gave voice to villainous characters, each representing the antithesis of his worldview. Browning does not eliminate his personal virtues from all of his poetry. This dedicated husband also wrote sincere and tender poems to his wife; these romantic works, such as Summum Bonum, unveil the true and benevolent nature of Robert Browning. The Theme of My Last Duchess Even if readers give My Last Duchess a mere passing glance, they should be able to detect at least one element: arrogance. The speaker of the poem exhibits an arrogance rooted in an audacious sense of male superiority. In simpler terms: he is stuck on himself. But to understand the deadliness of the Dukes powerhouse combo of narcissism and misogyny, the reader must delve deeply into this dramatic monologue, paying close attention to both what is said as well as unsaid. It is evident that the speakers name is Ferrara (as suggested by the character heading at the beginning of the speech). Most scholars agree that Browning derived his character from a 16th-century duke of the same title: Alfonso II dEste, a renowned patron of the arts who was also rumored to have poisoned his first wife. Understanding the Dramatic Monologue What sets this poem apart from many others is that it is a dramatic monologue, a type of poem in which a character distinctly different from that of the poet is speaking to someone else. Actually, some dramatic monologues feature speakers who talk to themselves, but the monologues with silent characters display more artistry, more theatrics in storytelling because they are not merely confessional tirades (as with Porphyrias Lover). Instead, readers can imagine a specific setting and detect action and reaction based on the hints given within the verse. In My Last Duchess, the duke is speaking to a courtier of a wealthy count. Before the poem even begins, the courtier has been escorted through the Dukes palace - probably through an art gallery filled with paintings and sculptures. The courtier has seen a curtain which conceals a painting, and the duke decides to treat his guest to a viewing of a very special portrait of his late wife. The courtier is impressed, perhaps even mesmerized by the smile of the woman in the painting and he asks what produced such an expression. And thats when the dramatic monologue begins: Thats my last Duchess painted on the wall,Looking as if she were alive. I callThat piece a wonder, now: Fra Pandolfs handsWorked busily a day, and there she stands.Willt please you sit and look at her?  (lines 1-5) The Duke behaves cordially enough, asking his guest if he would like to gaze at the painting. We are witnessing the speakers public persona. Notice how he keeps the painting behind a curtain until he feels like showing it to others. He has control over who views the painting, mastery over the painted smile of his deceased wife. As the monologue continues, the Duke brags about the fame of the painter: Fra Pandolf (a quick tangent: fra is a shortened version of friar, a holy member of the church. Note how the Duke uses a holy member of the church as part of his plan to capture and control his wifes image). It pleases the Duke that his wifes smile has been preserved within the artwork. The Character of the Late Duchess During the Duchess life, the Duke explains, his wife would offer that beautiful smile to everyone, instead of reserving her look of joy exclusively for her husband. She appreciated nature, the kindness of others, animals, and the simple pleasures of everyday life. And this disgusts the duke. It seems the duchess cared about her husband and often showed him that look of joy and love, but he feels that the duchess ranked / [his] gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name / With anybodys gift (lines 32 - 34). He might not reveal his explosive emotions to the courtier as they sit and look at the painting, but the reader can deduce that the duchess lack of worshipfulness infuriated her husband. He wanted to be the only person, the only object of her affection. The duke self-righteously continues his explanation of events, rationalizing that despite his disappointment it would have been beneath him to talk openly with his wife about his feelings of jealousy. He does not request, nor even demand, that she alter her behavior because Een then would be some stooping; and I choose / Never to stoop (lines 42 - 43). He feels that communication with his own wife is beneath his class. Instead, he gives commands and all smiles stopped together (line 46). Keep in mind, he does not give commands to his wife; as the duke indicates, instruction would be stooping. Rather, he delivers orders to his minions who then execute this poor, innocent woman. Is the Duchess So Innocent? Some readers believe that the Duchess isnt so innocent, that her smiles are really a code word for promiscuous behavior. Their theory is that whoever she smiles at (a servant for example) is someone she engages in a sexual relationship. However, if she were sleeping around with everything she smiled at (the setting sun, a branch from a cherry tree, a mule), then we would have a duchess who is a not only a sexual deviant  but must possess the physical prowess similar to a  Greek goddess. How else could she have sex with the sun? Although the Duke is not the most reliable of narrators, he keeps most of his conversation on a literal, not a symbolic, level. He may be an untrustworthy character, yet the reader should trust that when he says a smile, he means a smile. If the duke executed a lustful, adulterous wife, that would still make him a bad guy, but a different sort of bad guy: a vengeful cuckold. However, if the duke executed a faithful, kind-hearted wife who failed to revere her husband above all others, then we are witnessing a monologue performed by a monster. That is exactly the experience which Browning means for his audience. Women in the Victorian Age Certainly, women were oppressed during the 1500s, the era in which My Last Duchess takes place. Yet, the poem is less a critique of the feudalistic ways of medieval Europe and more of an attack on the biased, overbearing views expressed during Brownings day. How uptight was Englands Victorian society of the 1800s? A historical article titled Sexuality and Modernity explains that The Victorian bourgeois may have covered their piano legs out of modesty. Thats right, those pent-up Victorians were turned on by the sensuous curve of a pianos leg! Literature of the era, in circles both journalistic and literary, portrayed women as fragile creatures in need of a husband. For a Victorian woman to be morally good, she must embody sensitivity, self-sacrifice, innate purity (Salisbury and Kersten). All of these traits are exhibited by the Duchess if we assume that allowing herself to be married to a creep in order to please her family is an act of self-sacrifice. While many Victorian husbands desired a pure, virginal bride, they also desired physical, mental, and sexual conquest. If a man was not satisfied with his wife, a woman who was his legal subordinate in the eyes of the law, he might not kill her off as the Duke so cavalierly does in Brownings poem. However, the husband might very well patronize one of Londons many prostitutes, thereby obliterating the sanctity of the marriage and endangering his innocent wife with a frightening variety of incurable diseases. Robert and Elizabeth Browning Fortunately, Browning was not transposing his own personality into  My Last Duchess. He was far from the typical Victorian  and married a woman who was both older and socially his superior. He adored his wife  Elizabeth Barrett Browning  so much that together they defied her fathers wishes and eloped. Over the years, they raised a family, supported each others writing careers, and loved each other as equals. Clearly, Browning used what Keats called negative capability to invent a character that was strikingly unlike his own: a vicious, controlling duke whose morals and beliefs contrasted with those of the poet. Yet, perhaps Browning was observing fellow members of Victorian society when he crafted the devious lines of Duke Ferrera. Barretts father, although not a murderous lord from the 16th-century, he was a controlling patriarch who demanded that his daughters stay faithful to him, that they never move out of the home, not even to marry. Like the duke who coveted his precious artwork, Barretts father wanted to keep hold of his children as if they were inanimate figures in a gallery. When she defied her fathers demands and married Robert Browning, she became dead to her father and he never saw her again†¦ unless, of course, he kept a picture of Elizabeth on his wall.

AIDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

AIDS - Essay Example According to UNAIDS estimation at present, there is an approximation of 33.4 million people across the globe living on this face of earth while suffering from AIDS and every year estimated two million people expire from AIDS and its related illnesses. UNAIDS has approximated (UNAIDS, 2008). The case is even more critical in Sub-Sahara region of Africa where every 7 out of 10 deaths take place due to AIDS. Moreover, the region has almost sixty-six percent living case of AIDS and the percentage of new AIDS infection in children is as much as ninety percent (Stine, 2009). The cause of AIDS is the HIV virus. It is the virus that slowly weakens the human immune system. HIV increasingly does damage to the immune system cells therefore, the human body gets more prone to these infections, to which it has trouble in fighting back. A person diagnosed with AIDS is usually at the very high and advanced level of HIV infection flourishing in its body. The development of HIV in a human body is a slow process and it can take even years for a person with HIV virus to become an AIDS patient (AIDS.org, 2009). The symptoms of AIDS are though, not as vivid and obvious as the symptoms of other diseases. The person diagnosed with aid has the obvious illnesses related to AIDS. These AIDS related symptoms or conditions include infections, cancer, or tumor. These infections are opportunistic infections because of the reason that they develop in any human body due to the weak immune system. A person can suffer from AIDS with or without these opportunistic infection, the other symptoms are the tumor or cancer in any part of the human body due to AIDS. Moreover, the diagnosis of AIDS is also positive when the total number of human immune system cells decrease to a certain point. The major channels through which the transmission of AIDS takes place are the sexual intercourse, getting exposed to the infected parts of body or fluids, and from mother to

EARLY YEARS Numeracy-Investigation of Approaches to Calculation Essay

EARLY YEARS Numeracy-Investigation of Approaches to Calculation - Essay Example ception class, reception teachers should be able to consider the information gained through assessment and observation and utilization of records passed on from playgroup and nurseries. The paper aims at investigating the approaches used to teach mathematics in the reception class. Reception teachers should be able to identify the student’s needs especially the ones who need additional support. Reception teachers use a variety of activities to help teach mathematics. Children are made to observe pattern and numbers in the environment and daily routines. The children can also take part in board games and small constructions (Bruce and Martin, 2002). The use of finger games, songs and stories help the students to memorize mathematical numbers. Shopping and cooking, outdoor playing, imaginative play and two and three dimensional work activities help students understand mathematic concepts in the reception class. Arguments have often ensued on various approach of teaching mathematics with respect to pedagogical debate targeting socio constructivism and behaviorism. Socio- constructivism is influenced by quasi empirical philosophies while behaviorism is influenced by foundationalist conception. Teaching mathematics to the reception class by utilizing rote learning is like directing an immutable body of knowledge and ideas to the students with an intention of making them understand without basing on reasoning. However, teaching mathematics in the reception class through application of the constructive approach makes mathematics a creative, cultural and creative activity and ensures learners are able to construct their own mathematical knowledge despite their different methodology (Guardiola et al, 2010). Relational understanding approach is applied in teaching mathematics in the reception class since it promotes understanding among the learners. Use of images such as the base ten apparatus and empty number line together with use of models in teaching mathematics in

Employment contract law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Employment contract law - Coursework Example In the Agreement of Services signed by Mr. Tanton, particularly, Clause 3.3, negates the existence of an employer-employee relationship due to the existence of the provision to the effect that â€Å"In the event that the he is unable or unwilling to perform the services personally as required under such agreement, he shall arrange at his own expense entirely for another suitable person to perform the services. In addition, paragraph 13 of the schedule, stated that: â€Å"In the event that the contractor provides a relief driver, the contractor must satisfy the company that such a relief driver is trained and is suitable to undertake the services†. Therefore, the element of control on the part of the employer on the employee was not present since Mr. Tanton can easily find his own replacement or substitute, who shall take his place to render the service in the event that he is unable to perform his personal obligation to the employer. Hence, the fact that Mr. Tanton has the po wer to send his substitute means that the contract of employment does not exist, making him self-employed contractor. 5. Express and Echo Publications Ltd. is only required to retain one driver to perform the functions of pick-up newspapers and deliver them at various points in Devon on a fixed run in a particular order dictated by the company. In the case at bar, the reason for the termination of Mr. Tanton was due to redundancy. Hence, another person has already been performing the same functions done by Mr. Tanton which justified his dismissal from his position as a contractor. 6. The sources of English Law are case law or common law, and legislation or statutory laws. In the case at bar, several cases where cited which served as precedent to justify the decision rendered by the justices, where, â€Å"a statement of law made by a judge in a case can become binding on later judges and can in this way become the law for everyone to follow, or otherwise known as the â€Å"Doctrine of Precedent†

Customized - (Will be sent in an e-mail as an attachment) Essay

Customized - (Will be sent in an e-mail as an attachment) - Essay Example In Roper v. Simmons, a seventeen year old by the name of Simmons confessed that he plotted the murder and burglary of an older woman. This case placed the question before the Courts as to whether or not a person younger than eighteen years old should be punished with the death penalty when convicted of crimes that would typically mandated capital punishment. The seventeen year old was originally sentenced to death for his crimes. This decision was later overturned by the Missouri Supreme Court and the defendant’s sentence was converted to life imprisonment. The Missouri Supreme Court stated that although there were cases that illustrated that there was a precedent set that allowed for capital punishment for those persons under the age of eighteen, that a ‘national consensus has developed against the execution of juvenile offenders’(2005). This case has since been heard by the United States Supreme Courts. Judicial activism and restraint are concepts that can be re adily viewed in the Roper v. Simmons case when it was decided by the Supreme Court in March 2005. The majority opinion addressed both the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments when considering the affirmation of the Missouri Supreme Court decision. The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment against those in the United States. The Fourteenth Amendment allows all citizens, even those that have committed heinous crimes, equal protection of the laws. Per the court’s opinion, neither the Eighth nor the Fourteenth Amendment disallows the use of the death penalty for either persons that are under the age of eighteen or that are deemed mentally retarded. The Court’s majority states that twenty-two of thirty-seven death penalty states permit the death penalty for the offenders that are sixteen years old. The same thirty-seven states permitted the death penalty for

The Nature of Theory Why we need to be able to think in theoretical Assignment

The Nature of Theory Why we need to be able to think in theoretical terms - Assignment Example Most of the time, people think within the box suggesting the idea that they tend to understand matters simply based upon the utilization of their sight and their hearing sense. It could be noticed though that simply thinking within this box limits the capability of people to see only what they can and not that of those that they could perceive. It has been mentioned through time by psychologists and philosophers that a person who is able to think outside the box and see the whole context as well as the elemental factors contributing to the occurrence of an event or the emergence of a particular matter, is someone who could possibly be able to give birth to the options of the different procedures of development that the whole population of the human society could actually be thankful for. The question is, how could theoretical thinking be handled well One is that of the application of strategic thinking. It is innate among humans to be fascinated by the different things that they particularly see around them. It could not be denied then that through the years, this particular fascination within the different elements that could be seen in the human environment actually developed into the many discoveries and inventions that humans produced. Through passing civilization of humans, it could be observed that the people were never contented with what they already have or what they have already accomplished. This is especially true in terms of science and technology as well as in arts and literature. It is indeed undeniable that people recreate the things that are already existent within their own society. The fact that they have already been able to see what they could do regarding a certain type of field, they intend to even do better the net time that they deal with the same invention. Yes, humans never get tired of reinventing everything there is in the environment. Why is this so Human intelligence has always been noted by philosophers as the primary factor that makes the human creation different from that of the other God-made creations. The humans' ability to innovate their own achievements to even better results for the present generation to see, has particularly noted them to be those who are capable of reinventing themselves to be able to evolve from generations to generations. It is through this that people become more aware of the world around them, they cared more than ever with the political agendas, the social issues as well as other informations that concern their interests. True, the changing situation in the society and the demand towards progress requires that human intelligence be perfected in a way that it particularly caters to the needs of the entire humanity. The human brain's ability to store and restructure informations that were accepted by it through the years of an individual's life is particularly a proof that the application of humans' intelligence could still be perfected as generations are still to come along. On Personal Evaluation of Learning Process As a person, having a consumer style knowledge individual has paid much benefit for the author of this paper. The willingness to comprehend with the informations that are being presented to me accordingly actually allows me to

Customized - (Will be sent in an e-mail as an attachment) Essay

Customized - (Will be sent in an e-mail as an attachment) - Essay Example In Roper v. Simmons, a seventeen year old by the name of Simmons confessed that he plotted the murder and burglary of an older woman. This case placed the question before the Courts as to whether or not a person younger than eighteen years old should be punished with the death penalty when convicted of crimes that would typically mandated capital punishment. The seventeen year old was originally sentenced to death for his crimes. This decision was later overturned by the Missouri Supreme Court and the defendant’s sentence was converted to life imprisonment. The Missouri Supreme Court stated that although there were cases that illustrated that there was a precedent set that allowed for capital punishment for those persons under the age of eighteen, that a ‘national consensus has developed against the execution of juvenile offenders’(2005). This case has since been heard by the United States Supreme Courts. Judicial activism and restraint are concepts that can be re adily viewed in the Roper v. Simmons case when it was decided by the Supreme Court in March 2005. The majority opinion addressed both the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments when considering the affirmation of the Missouri Supreme Court decision. The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment against those in the United States. The Fourteenth Amendment allows all citizens, even those that have committed heinous crimes, equal protection of the laws. Per the court’s opinion, neither the Eighth nor the Fourteenth Amendment disallows the use of the death penalty for either persons that are under the age of eighteen or that are deemed mentally retarded. The Court’s majority states that twenty-two of thirty-seven death penalty states permit the death penalty for the offenders that are sixteen years old. The same thirty-seven states permitted the death penalty for

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Business ethics - Essay Example If many patients working under the old plant have already been diagnosed with Cancer, the firm cannot risk continuing with the operations knowing the health implications involved. Even if a cleanup occurs, it is not a guarantee that the scenario will occur again due to the plant being old. Option B, on the contrary, is also unethical because it will expose the workers from Liberia at a serious health risk, not to mention the negative effects on the community. Paying employees’ low wages because of the country they come from is unethical. Employees should not be shown favoritism due to their nationality or ethnicity. The strategy by the firm to cut on labor costs at an expense of the workers in Liberia is very unethical. The firm opting to use Low-tech methods that would cause a health risk to the workers and the community because of toxic hazards released to the Environment is against the Environmental principle of managing toxic wastes. , From an Ethical point of view Option C, can work as the best option among the three options that TK Company has now. Now the Government is offering low interest rates on their financial facilities, thus the firm could resort to take a loan at a low interest rate and use it to improve their new facilities. Facing out the old facilities is ethical on TK’s part because it will reduce the chances of more employees being exposed to cancer infections. In addition, the mechanism they are using to reduce the workforce is very ethical, because no employee will be laid off in an inhumane manner, but has a chance to receive their pension, in addition to all the other retirement benefits. Even though the debt liabilities will rise, the firm can manage it well in the future after the operation at the new facility picks up (Vincent, 2011). Vincent asserts that, every organization, including TK has ethical rules and guidelines, which they refer to as ‘code of ethics’ that they have to

Paris is Burning Essay Example for Free

Paris is Burning Essay Paris is Burning by Jennnie Livingston deals with the culture of drag in New York in the 1980s, which was shown in the Ball competitions wherein men who impersonate, or better yet try to live as women walks and are judged based on their dancing ability, the beauty of their dresses and the authenticity of their impersonation. Each contestant represents a specific house and whenever they win; their respective houses gain a legendary status. The film was presented by showing alternate footages between the ball competition and interviews with the contestants. Although a very notable film, Paris is Burning is also highly criticized especially by feminists. In watching the film, you will see how the contestants try to portray how women look like basing on â€Å"stereotypical† identities or those greatly based on what men would like in a woman physically, making her the subject of desire. It failed to show the other characteristics and essence of women such as their social roles, the drags just focused on the aspects that perpetuate men’s hierarchy. It further undermines women by interpreting that being a woman makes one powerless which manifested in one of the interviews wherein one of the drags say that he will never become a woman because having the female genitalia does not necessarily mean that life would be great. Thus, many saw that this film as a mocking or women. On the other hand, the film succeeded in the presentation of yet another marginalized culture which is that of the gay. It was able to put their character at the centre of the film and elaborated on their culture. It was able to shed light on the often misunderstood â€Å"third’ gender and was able to present their side of the story. Then again, as was said earlier, it was done so by challenging the essence of women, which would make us think if it was able to resolve any issues at all. Thus we ask, was the film really an exposure of the drag culture or a celebration of the patriarchal society?

Reflection Report And Learning From An Experience Education Essay

Reflection Report And Learning From An Experience Education Essay The reflection report is a form of thinking, how to analyze based on knowledge and feeling. As a manager self analyze to think about weakness and strengths. In this report, it is need to focus on communication skills, time management, scope management, risk management, analysis, self motivation and management (self judgment, self evaluation, self reaction, and self satisfaction), problem solving, team effectiveness and project planning. The main objectives of this report are needed to discuss and focus on following element: Life long learning after this dissertation course experience Experience and Importance of group work and relationship with team members Importance to keep daily dairy for long run projects such as dissertations, research work reports or any long technical projects. Reflection is a series of step to note down for future reference and help Importance of analysis and research we did for our project- processing of running project Quality of work related to topic Tutor and group members suggestion and advises then note down in reflection dairy Basically reflective knowledge is a method to examine him/her self internally and deeply and finding out the issue of nervousness, settle down by the experience which creates the meaning of self. And learns from the same repeating experience and changed him/her self effectively by the result of experiences. Reflection practice is the form of self awareness and self appraisal and describes the result and outcomes of persons actions. Recollection of Experiences (Weekly Detailed Dairy) Week Date Activity 01 14 -06-2010 First week, we attended the introduction session of AMP Module given by Vincent Ong, and learnt how to write a report and how to follow the format etc from supportive tutor. After that Academic Liaison Librarian has give the detailed information about way to put the referencing in our report and module handbook of AMP was provided to all of us. Next day activity was about the plagiarism and turnitinUK. JBK explained us regarding paraphrasing and feature of turnitinUK. They also helped us in search of related articles from digital library. First time, I have learnt that how to put key words in advance search and get the journals and articles called rational research to identity and support our work. Rob explained us about the reflection report and how it is relevant with our report and what makes a good reflection report and what should be the structure of report. After that we have collected handbook of AMP topic. During this week we have formed a group of 10 members as we all previously worked together so we knew each other. One thing in our favor that working with known group members will reduce time taken to start performing and understanding of each frame of work. Beginning of this week we all felt excited and optimistic. As we received information about work we became more apprehensive, confused and uncertain and our topic also made us very uncertain and anxious. But after two days brain storming with group members and detailed discussion with tutor reassured us, and gave us clarification and showed right direction. In general we learnt that wide range of resources and journals are available in our library; it was analyzed that without the tutor guidance may be we would be on the wrong direction. We also understand the importance of referencing. How to comparing and contrasting the material from different authors and importance of sharing ideas as well as we understand the importance of secondary research. Learned about the importance of the time management in project and proper referencing; may be some problem will be encountered during the project like in personal planning and in managing a group. Learning solution in this week would be like how to find relevant information more effectively and learned the need to maintained records about daily activities of progress. 02 21-06-2010 . This week, I have read the handbooks and all material given by tutor. Two articles in handbook are very much helpful for understanding the topic. Today we start our project; we did research and found 5-6 articles about target market selection and difference between B2B and B2C practices. Facing much difficulty in research about the relevant topic because our topic is much tricky and confusing. After two day struggling and with different key words as suggested by tutor, we came at one point of start. Need to understand the synthesis Main Report like how to draw evidence and evaluate and present our own thoughts in Report. It was advised that the main report should be synthesis rather than descriptive. A lot of hurdles came while searching the topics. To day I got some useful articles and after reading got some useful points of my requirements. This week we had a meeting on Friday to solve the issues regarding the understanding of topics and their key wordings for search. 03 28-06-2010 This week, feeling much difficulty while reading, reviewing and comparing the articles of different authors and different sides regarding my topic and key words. Before start writing the literature review, I must needs to understand and study the Harvard System for proper referencing. So Google it and find and understand the many ways of putting referencing for article, journals and books such as articles with missing date, missing authors name , with more than one or two authors work etc. Today, I started my work on dissertation and I made a folder of my all downloaded article and took the print and read two of them then make the synthesize point from them I have been started my work from literature review which is the main body of the report in which we needs to put our ability to produce a quality of work there. I had written my synthesis point from two articles. This week we had a 2nd meeting on Friday to solve the issues regarding the understanding of topics and share some ideas as well as searched article with each other also our project manager send us some useful topic related to inviting tender of technological solutions. I have decided to divide my work chapter wise as guided us by our AMP module Coordinator. So we come the point that work should be start from literature review section. 04 05-07-2010 Today I got my result; I had passed my in all modules. Thanks to Almighty GOD. Today I also review the one more article which is presented in an international conference regarding issues related to ICT facing by SMEs companies. So extract some main point from this article and note down. In our meeting we discussed about the difference between E-business and E-commence, it found about a detailed reading that e-commence is linked to the B2B and e-business is linked with B2C. Moreover from studies one thing come out that is digital-related products and digital-unrelated product. Our project team leader explained and clearly differentiated that digitally related product i.e. software applications, mobile phones, digital cameras were more suitable for e-commerce, and more easily sold over the internet unlike digitally unrelated products like furniture where consumers must want examine physically before a purchase is made. We also discussed and studied further on the key issues and consideration regarding the tender invitation for website development solution. 05 12-07-2010 In literature review, comparison of all researchers and authors work relevant to topic is very much difficult and different nature of work for me. It is noticed that all researcher focusing the similar issue that affecting the operation while company is moving to B2C market and suggests the same requirement and key consideration. As I am having the first experience at this level of literature review and work but it is much interested and knowledgeable effort for me. It is very easy to divert from the original topic during the literature reviewing process. Felt much difficulty like diversion from my original topic in this part of work. May God help me to do this in good and best ways related to exact topic requirement. 06 19-07-2010 This week I was not able to work on my report due to my some personal engagement and some family issues so I was out of station. 07 26-07-2010 This week, I started to understand and revise some articles and documents on tendering. As I need to understand that how to invite the tender for technological and software solutions. Issues come up while writing on inviting tenders for technological solution. Because invitation of tenders for technical and non technical solution are much confusing and related work. But feel like interesting as I am having the new expertise and expertise in this new area of tendering. I dont have any experience of reading such type of documents. As I was stuck on the step of inviting tender so today I consulted with the team leader of our group so she help me out in understanding of this specific point that what are the key requirement for inviting the tenders as I was thinking on the format like that regarding tendering but she solved my issue and sent some articles for literature review related to this. She is very much helping person and nice lady and she should be a good team leader in future. 08 02-08-2010 Confusion- writing on invite tender for web development that whether it should b E-tendering or normal traditional way. Another issue that I was facing that in most of tendering article there is no proper author or researcher name. Mostly the company and organizational name are mentioned while inviting tender for the technological or software solutions. Got some article and journal on tendering and outsourcing the IT related work and technological solution. This week I have made my final schedule and divide the days till final review of report and how to close my work within the month of august. Understand and learnt about the use of indexing in table of contents in MSWord; how to use the proper referencing. 09 09-08-2010 This week I met with my one of the group member in LRC and discussed about the e-book refereeing and how many references we can use and whether mostly should be journals articles and could be from any where else? So she suggested that we should email to Peter Godwin as well as we get some information from LR guide or referring within digital library. After that we discussed about recommendations on topic. Should we need to suggest or put some recommendation related to our kind of work? This week, I got some good article but this is my targeted week in my time table to finish all the literature review and writing. And should be focus and emphasized on the synthesis, analysis and comparison of the report in last 3 week. This week, I need to scale down and windup my all review work. Today is the end of this week and I have closed my literature review writing and my next stage is to syntheses the report and exacts the key point for analysis and discussion. 10 16-08-2010 Today I have started my work on review of my work with detailed and syntheses point of view. Feel some ambiguity regarding references in analysis and discuss stage that whether we need to put the Harvard reference within the analysis and discussion portion like we did in literature review or not? To resolve this issue I put an email to our team member and waiting of there reply. 11 23-08-2010 This week is very much tough and crucial as I totally put my effort on the revision and focus on my whole work and balance the report in a proper flow and come out with corrected some mistakes After that I can better focus working on the conclusion and recommendation of the topic. Today end of this week, I wrote down my conclusion and recommendation. 12 30-08-2010 Working on reflection analysis report and syntheses my all work into final version. Recompiled daily dairy log of my all 3 month works Personal feelings and learning from the experience Research work is really very much interesting but time consuming. I spend my neat hours and hours on this report and this work should be helpful and very much supportive for my future work and learning at this level and above this. Meetings and regular Google talk and email exchange about AMP report work, experiences and discussion with group members. Some major difficulties were come in front while reviewing the literature like comparison of all researchers and authors work regarding my topic. As it is noticed that all researcher focusing the similar issue that affecting the operation while moving to B2C market and suggests the same requirement and key consideration for outsourcing processes. As I was having the first time experience at this level of literature review and work but it was much interested and knowledgeable effort for me. I enjoy a lot with my work and feel much happy at this stage and got much knowledge from last three month efforts. That how to make the comparison of other authors work and note down in own my wordings. It was very easy to divert from the original track during literature reviewing phase as well as in writing the report process. My God help me out to do this thing in good and best ways that I was linked to my topic. Issue regarding literature review and other relevant work are resolved very smoothly with the help of all my group members collective participation and efforts. We had arranged the meetings until all the members are cleared and much satisfied with the understanding of topic and data collection as we had three weekly groups meeting with team leader after the AMP week. My team was very much generous with the commitment and time punctuality. My contribution was also remarkable as well and I was linked with my group members all the time 24/7 through email, facebook and mobile. And I was much satisfied with my work and with group members response. Group Dynamics and Learning from the experience Here I must mention one thing that my current AMP group members are not fresh new members. We were having same group in all our previous course work. So we were much comfortable with each other and knew each other frame of mind and algorithm of work. And we understand the group dynamics and responsibilities. As a whole I didnt feel any problem in my work with my members. Since I was linked with my group members all the time 24/7 through email, mobile and all the group members were much satisfied with my contribution and with my quick response on any issue related to our work. I fulfill my all responsibilities that were given by our team leader. Out supervisor consultancy was very much helpful for us regarding the understanding the actual topic and how to search the relevant material from digital library. He did very level best to solve our issues. I learnt that the group work is very much effective and helpful for this type of big projects as the work is distributed and every member come up with good and different ideas and knowledge. And the project will meet the deadlines very smoothly. Lessons for the future Projects The lesson learned dairy was kept in order to bring all the lessons together that we learnt during the dissertation work, which would be the guideline for other future projects. The weekly diary was updated whenever I have learned some thing new during the project whether it was positive or negative lesson. From experience with the proper management of work start to end and all the group members cooperation; many positive and good lessons was learned for future projects. Such as weekly meetings, time management and good communication with members will push up our progress. With a good time management, now we have a lot of time for quality review and correction before the deadline. I learnt very much from group work experience as it will help me out in increasing good management skill and to achieve the objectives according to prefix quality standards within the time constrains through the planning and good control especially at initial stage. Daily log helped me out to plan and schedule the weekly tasks and overall progress of my work. Following are the key lessons I have learned for future project as a group. Good understanding and friendly work environment. meetings with group members and weekly dairy and should be maintained Time management and planning Good communication and updates sharing. Conclusion The project was managed very calmly and smoothly with help of supervisors guidelines from the first stage and good teams effective communication via (email, phone and weekly meetings) motivation, planning and time management, risk management and most important is self management and motivation. Each team members was very much delegated, punctual and showed their responsibility. The tool of weekly dairy helped me out to align and monitor my each stage and there objectives. We received the feedback and make the updates with weekly group meeting at the start. However, with good time management and understanding of work, our group members met the deadlines but we faced few issues and hurdles regarding understand of topic and search of relevant material like e-article, e-journal and books. But with effective communication between all members via meetings, email, phone all the risks and issues will be overcomes with the time beings. Finally, my project was successfully finished with the mercy of Almighty God and the equal contribution of all team members at there level best and my mothers prayer was with me all the time. At the end, I believed that good management skill and supportive project leader as well as enough support from the supervisor in AMP Week were the reasons for no major issues, hurdles, and deviations from the track. As good management and clear communication helped out greatly to avoid the likely issues and conflicts as every team members were aware of their own deadlines and their own responsibility. I must appreciate this new method of self recording of our daily work for such type of long project which kept us on right path and lesson for time management and reflection of our work for future prospects. I am much satisfied with my work at this stage and learnt a lot for future things as this whole experience of UK changes my lifestyle and it was the lifelong learning for me.

What is Style? Essay -- Style Personality Individuality Papers

What is Style? What is style, and how do we know when we have a style that is all our own? This is one thought that I ponder on cloudy dreary days, and when I have nothing better to do than think. In all actuality, do we even have a style we can call our own, or are we a conglomeration of what we like in the people around us? I would like to think I have my own style, but then reality sets in, and I start to realize I'm a clone of all the people I admire, and desire to be like. I has taken me a long time to realize that no matter how hard I tried to be my own person, I was still following in other peoples footsteps. When I was in high school, I did all I could to remain in the "in" crowd. But if you were to ask me if I had my own style, I would have said yes. Even though I wore the same clothes, talk the same language, and played the same sports, I still thought I had my own style. I was so convinced that I was different. But now when I look back, I can see that I was exactly the way I didn't want to be. The only comforting thing about style is that no matter how hard we try to be individuals, we all copy one another. It's nice to know I'm not the only person this happens to, although I think this is rather evident in many people. There are still many groups that dress alike, talk alike, and listen to the same music. No matter where we live, or our social status, we can all become victims of style. One of the best places to see different styles is while visiting a mall, grocery store, or a music shop. These stores can also be a cheap form of entertainment. I can remember one time when a friends of mine, and I had some time to waste before we went to a movie. We went to the mall to engage in our favorite pass time of p... ...to another person, I feel that in some way I have violated this person. But I think that if we don our best make the style look as good as we can, than there shouldn't be any need to worry. I guess the only way I can have a person think about the other is to use your better judgment. If it was your style that was being used wouldn't you feel terrible if someone else ruined the whole idea that you had. It would be like if someone were to read a paper for you, and then this person turned it all around to make it sound nothing like you had wanted, or intended. But then again, there is no way to stop people from ruining what you had created. I guess this is a part of living. We can't control the people around us, so we should be who we want to be, and do what we want to do. And if someone has a problem with that, then that is something that they will have to deal with.

“Match Girl” by Anne Bishop Essay

Anne Bishop bases her story, â€Å"Match Girl, off of Hans Christian Andersen’s â€Å"Little Match Girl†, but she adds a disturbing twist. Bishop uses so much torture and violence that as a reader you want no more. â€Å"Little Match Girl† was a story based on an innocent little girl having to face the cold heart of society. On the other hand, â€Å"Match Girl† was a story based on a young girl that has to face a disgusting and cruel world. The misery and cruelty that Bishop adds to her story is too much for this story to gain credibility. The story starts off with Phoenix already having to suffer from her owner’s cruelty. Just like the little girl in Andersen’s story Phoenix is suffering from cold and torn boots, but in Bishop’s story we get to meet her owners. In this tale we have characters that we can hate. Thanks to all of the characters that Bishop’s uses we are able to get a background story, a setting, and are able to have other feelings besides sadness. To start off with her owners were too cruel. Da had no voice throughout the story and the only action he had that was seen was when he hit Moll. Moll is a cold-hearted woman that treats Phoenix badly probably because she is also living a miserable life. She is forced to live in a man’s world. The men in her life control her and at the first chance she gets to show power and control she takes it. At first it seems like she is the only cruel character but that title is removed once we meet the rest of the characters. Moll and Da’s son does not fall too far from the tree. William is a disgusting creature that should have never been given life. He is absolutely good for nothing and does nothing besides shove his penis into innocent and defenseless Phoenix. He gets away with so much and no one says or does anything, not even Phoenix. But William is only a fraction of all the disgusting males in this story. The worst scene in this story is the one when all the men take a turn on raping Phoenix. She has a spoon that is violently hurting her mouth, meanwhile she has men violently rape her one right after the other. These men are completely heartless and time and again Bishop includes scenes of other women being punished by the men when they don’t do what they are told. Bishop only shows the men in the story as being drunk, violent, and horny. It’s as if she is trying to make a greater argument besides the cruel society that Phoenix lives in. All the men in this story are completely useless and do not have any actions besides violence and sex. This violence and sex is what leads critics to say that the cruelty takes credibility away. It is just too much for one girl to stand. There is too much misery for one story too hold. Anne Bishop said, â€Å"While I embellished or modified details to fit the fictional place, I didn’t make up the instruments of torture. They all existed† (Pg 247). I seem to disagree with Bishop. These â€Å"modified details† did not fit this fictional place. It was too much torture for one story, for one specific character to endure. Although Phoenix saw other women being hurt in different ways, she still had to endure watching them suffer. Phoenix when through too much and although in real life humans also have to endure torture and cruelty, I don’t believe anyone will ever go through all that Phoenix went through. I understand that the methods of torture used are real and were used; I just wish Bishop had cut done a bit on all the horrible things that happened to Phoenix. Phoenix didn’t deserve anything that happened to her, but she continued to be kicked around in more misery until the end. This story was really hard to read and accept. The imm ense cruelty took away from the credibility of the tale.

Knowledge and Assessment Essay

1. Understand the principles & requirements of assessment 1. 1explain the functions of assessment in learning and development Determining level of knowledge & understanding †¢ Ensuring that learning is taking place †¢ Checking progress †¢ Adhering to course criteria 1. 2define the key concepts and principles of assessment 1. Explain the functions of assessment in learning and development. Assessment is carried out to evaluate that learning has taken place. It measures the learner’s attainment of knowledge and skills in their particular learning area. Assessment encourages learners to ask questions on anything they have not fully understood, as learners know that they will have to prove their knowledge and understanding during assessment to the standards of the awarding body. The anticipated outcome of assessment is that the learner will complete assessment to City and Guild standards within the time frame stated, with no assistance and show through answering questions that they have full understanding of the subject. 2. Define the key concepts and principles of assessment. Assessment has to remain fair, consistent and valid to ensure all learners have an equal and fair chance of receiving a fair assessment. An assessor cannot be swayed 1. 3 explain the responsibilities of the assessor The role of the assessor is to assess the learner’s knowledge and performance in a range of tasks. This includes, ? Ensuring that the learner has demonstrated competence and knowledge in the assessment to the standard of City and Guilds criteria. ? Assessments need to be planned between the assessor and each learner; the learner needs to be fully aware of his/her responsibilities in the collection and presentation of evidence. ? The assessor then needs to observe the learners performance in their workplace or similar environment and can ask questions to confirm a learners understanding. ? Accurate and constructive feedback needs to be given to the†¦ 1. 4 identify the regulations and requirements relevant to assessment in own area of practice 2. Understand different types of assessment methods 2. 1 compare the strengths and limitations of a range of assessment methods with reference to the needs of individual learners 3. Understand how to plan assessment 3. 1 summarise key factors to consider when planning assessment 3. 2 evaluate the benefits of using a holistic approach to assessment 3. 3 explain how to plan a holistic approach to assessment 3. 4 summarise the types of risks that may be involved in assessment in own area of responsibility 3. 5 explain how to minimise risks through the planning process 4. Understand how to involve learners & others in assessment 4. 1 explain the importance of involving the learner and others in the assessment process 4. 2 summarise types of information that should be made available to learners and others involved in the assessment process. 4. 3 explain how peer and self-assessment can be used effectively to promote learner involvement and personal responsibility in the assessment of l earning 4. 4 explain how assessment arrangements can be adapted to meet the needs of individual learners 5. Understand how to make assessment decisions 5. 1 explain how to judge whether evidence is: †¢Sufficient †¢Authentic †¢Current 5. 2 explain how to ensure that assessment decisions are: †¢Made against specific criteria †¢Valid †¢Reliable †¢Fair 6. Understand Quality Assurance of the assessment process. 6. 1 evaluate the importance of quality assurance in the assessment process 6. 2 summarise quality assurance and standardisation procedures in own area of practice 6. 3 summarise the procedures to follow when there are disputes concerning assessment in own area of practice 7. Understand how to manage information relating to assessment 7. 1 explain the importance of following procedures for the management of information relating to assessment 7. 2 explain how feedback & questioning contribute to the assessment process 8. Understand the legal & good practice requirements in relation to assessment 8. 1 explain legal issues, policies and procedures relevant to assessment, including those for confidentiality, health, safety and welfare 8. 2 explain the contribution that technology can make to the assessment process 8. 3 evaluate requirements for equality and diversity and, where appropriate, bilingualism in relation to assessment 8. 4 explain the value of reflective practice and continuing professional development in the assessment process.

Automobile Industry in Bangldesh Essay

1. 1 Introduction Now day’s education is not just confined to books and classrooms. Internship is such a program that helps to test the knowledge and understanding of the courses and to use them in a practical field. Internship training gives this opportunity to be engaged in an organization where it is possible to have an experience of the real business world and to see different practical aspects of education. Marketing Department of Chittagong University is committed to produce marketing professionals for the market who will not only benefit the society as a whole but also make path of a better future for the next generation. Internship program is a step towards fulfill this commitment by giving the students an opportunity to get ready for the real world before they enter into it. 1. 2 Research Issue This research is a requirement of the internship program for my MBA program. My supervisor Professor A. J. M. Nuruddin Chowdhury assigned me the topic. I have tried my level best to make it as an excellent one. I used all the latest data and information. I have been serving this company as an intern under Sales & Marketing Department for two months. I got privilege to put latest data. My job responsibility is to create relationship with our present and potential customers, sales products and provide service time to time by giving latest product’s information. So, I am getting the opportunity to be very close to the customer. I have the idea why customer choose, the reason of leave and the reason of using pragoti Industries Product. My supervisor Mr. Khayrul Haue officer of Sales & Marketing Department guides me time to time to make this report fruitful. 1. 3 Research Objectives The main objective of this report is to have an assessment about overall activities of sales & marketing department. How they manage all the selling process, what services it is providing to the customer and how agents are getting benefit from it and finally what is the gain for pragoti from this project, in short how it is meeting up the requirements of the three stakeholders of the company. The objectives of the study are as follow: †¢ To get the practical experience by doing job with expert of sales & marketing manager. †¢ To understand the drive structure of PIL. †¢ To understand the channels of PIL. †¢ To observe the production process & know the inputs procurement system, warehousing system and the selling and distribution system of the company. †¢ To know the marketing and pricing policies of their products †¢ To know about the products & the quality of products produced by the company. †¢ To know the accounting system and the transparency in the preparation of the financial statements. †¢ To know the application of the Corporate Governance in PIL †¢ To produce a report that will give a guideline to the future researchers or customers of the Pragoti Industries Ltd on the different aspects that are covered in this report. †¢ Finally, to suggest the management with some recommendations so that the management can identify some of the faulty areas in the organization and initiate necessary steps to bring changes in those areas. 1. 4 Research Methodology The current study is conducted primarily in participatory research analysis method and secondary on practical and theoretical analysis. The research supervisor proposed research topic. Primary and secondary data was collected from every possible source. The primary sources are as follows: †¢ Observation of the production and management sector of the company. †¢ Face-to-face conversation with the respective offices and stuffs of the industry. †¢ Related field study as provided by the officer concerned. The secondary sources of data and the information are: †¢ Web site address †¢ Book basis articles †¢ Internal magazine published by PIL †¢ Different brochures of PIL †¢ Information provided by my supervisor 1. 5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY This internship report covers all the aspects of retail environment from all the three perspective, UBL, retailers and agent. This report also gives an overview about the company like about the mission and goals of the company, the marketing mix & the strategies, competitive strategies etc. This report has been prepared through extensive discussion with the customer, sales development manager, and agent and with the other stakeholder. While preparing this report, I had a great opportunity to have an in depth knowledge of sales activities of the â€Å"Pragoti Industries Ltd. † It also helped me to acquire a first-hand perception of a leading state run automobile industry in Bangladesh. 1. 6 Limitation of the Study I have tried my best to collect the maximum information from the authority, management, production department and marketing department. But I have faced the following problems: †¢ To make a report it is very trouble full to collect the information from various personal for the job constrain. †¢ Planning & production department’s has no appropriate maintenance of planning procedure and articles. †¢ Time is not sufficient for various activities to prepare a report. †¢ Non-availability of published data. †¢ Information was not provided due to business secrecy. †¢ Lack of adequate knowledge about research by new employee †¢ Non-availability of secondary data. Chapter- 2 Literature Review 2. 1 Introduction. Bangladesh is totally underdeveloped in the sector of automobile industry. As It has no automobile industry, the sector is totally depended on import, except a few automobile-assembling units. Due to increase amount of demand, requirement and increased every year it has to import a huge amount of automobiles from the other countries. But in recent times, Bangladesh automobile industry is turning around, as a result local and foreign investor are interest about this sector for investment. So the sector has a great potentiality and prospect in the development. Pragoti is the only state own automobile company in Bangladesh and it made & repair only government related automation production. Bangladesh machine tools Factory (BMTF) was establish in February 11, 1979 and it is the commercial automobile assembly plant, maintain by Bangladesh Army, especially for defense industry. Walton & Aftab is the largest Bangladeshi private automobile company in Bangladesh. Walton Company establish a large plant for motorcycle production, on the other hand Aftab automobile is famous for bus accessories assembling. [pic]. Mitsubishi Pajero will be assembling in Bangladesh Mitsubishi Pajero, Hino Bus, Tata bus/Truck, Proton automobile manufacturer company already buildup their production assemble plant in Bangladesh and here is the important news, near Dhaka, location name is Dolaikhal, is the largest automobile market in Bangladesh for expire & new automobile parts. 2. 2 Bangladesh most popular Automobile company List †¢ Aftab Automobiles †¢ Pragoti †¢ TagAZ Bangladesh (Proposed) †¢ Mitsubishi Pajero †¢ Walton †¢ Bangladesh Machine Tools Factory 2. 3 Auto parts market of Bangladesh. Bangladesh automobile industry is not a big industry and maximum automobile parts are imported from other countries . Besides, there is no quality local manufacturer of parts and components. So, parts and components are mainly imported from countries like Japan, UK, Taiwan, China, Korea, Malaysia, USA, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, etc. The market of parts and components of this country is very small but expanding rapidly. Commercial importers import a bulk amount of parts and components that are distributed through wholesalers and retailers. Final users get the parts from the retailers and the retailers buy parts from the importers. However, there are also importers who have their own retail outlets. An assembler may also be an importer who requires a large quantity of parts and components for its assembling unit. A limited number of commercial importers import parts and components from different sources. In most cases, the assembler imports parts and components from the country where the brand is originated. Some assemblers even purchase parts and components directly from the big importers. There is another group within the distribution channel of parts and components i. e. auto servicing centers like garage, mechanical workshop, body building units, etc. The servicing centers purchase parts from the whole seller as well as from the retailer. End users get parts and components from retailers dealing in different type and brand of automobile. Although no local manufacturer of quality parts does exist, but active negotiations are going on to set up joint venture parts and component manufacturing units with China, Korea and Taiwan. Present structure of parts and components market is graphically shown below: [pic] In Bangladesh, neither we have an automobile industry nor a quality auto parts industry. So, the people of Bangladesh have no clear idea about the automobile industry or auto parts and components and their usage. The market of auto parts and components is influenced by couple of elements. People while purchase auto parts and components, they are influenced by several factors and these auto servicing centers, workshop and garage, motor pool managers, Institutional Importers (i. e.embassy), retailers, agents of branded automobile, 2. 4 Domestic parts and components industry Presently, there is no well-organized and quality manufacturer of parts and components in Bangladesh. Some low quality indigenous manufacturing of parts and components are there but they are carried out against specific order to meet emergency requirement. There is no mass production to meet the requirements. Given below is some idea of what the local manufacturers try to produce: Filters, radiators, radiator hoses, air filter housing; Brake pads, brake drum, brake disc; Electrical parts such as battery, horn, wiring, wiper and washer assembly, head lights and other lights; Trim and upholstery such as carpet, floor mat, rear parcel shelf, seat assembly, safety belt and melt damping sheet; General parts such as paint and thinner, under seal, tires and tube, and mirrors. Chapter- 3 Growth & Development of Automobile Industry in Bangladesh 3. 1 Bangladesh Automobile Prospect Bangladesh has a great prospect and potentiality in the development of automobile industry there has been an increasing trend in the use of all sorts of automobiles/vehicles in Bangladesh. However, the increased demand of individual types of automobile varies from case to case. As a result of increasing demand of individual the annual demand for automobile is increasing with a great speed an statistic show the demand has increased into 30 percent than the last year with the Improvement of roads and highways and increased number of bridge and culverts are also responsible for motivating people to buy vehicles for their day to day activities. Again the Improvement of life style in the urban areas is also responsible for the development automobile industry . With the passage of time the living standard of general people of BD has increased and they also turn into low class to middle class, middle class to upper class and in recent times the amount of upper middle class has increased which means additional demand for automobile There are also some another key reason for whom Bangladesh has a great potentiality in this industry. They are mentioned below: †¢ Government annual development plan has given priority on development of automobile industry †¢ Special attraction for Japan made vehicles †¢ Withdrawn of Rickshaw gradually. †¢ Getting popularity of Small car/sports vehicle †¢ Rent-a-car getting popularity †¢ Reduction of tax on the new motor vehicles †¢ Govt. initiative to float 10,000 commercial vehicles †¢ Expanded and increased volume of export and import 3. 2 Comparative scenario of different types of automobiles in Bangladesh A comparative scenario of different vehicles and their usage trend may be explained as below: (a) Motorcycle The use of motorcycle in Bangladesh is increasing day by day by a new group of users. Motorcycle is extensively used in Bangladesh in both rural and urban areas. The use of motorcycle has gradually increased in Bangladesh due to easy to drive; easy access to remote location; cheapest transport; Longevity of the vehicle; easy to handle and park at any place. The general users are the students, individual businessmen, officials of marketing companies and pharmaceutical industries. Over the last one and a half decades, the field level officials of different non- government organizations have been using a large number of motorcycles. In Bangladesh, both locally assembled motorcycle and imported motorcycle are available for intending users as detailed below: (i) Locally assembled motorcycle: Mainly, there are about 20 locally assembled brands. For example: ATLAS, EMMA, NITOL and SINGER. List of the local motorcycle assembling houses is given in the annex. (ii) Imported motorcycle: There are at least 7-8 different regular brands of motorcycle and these are: Honda CD 80, Yamaha, Suzuki from Japan, Xinfu, Jangshen, Jailing, Hero, TVS Victor, Yamaha, Suzuki, Bajaj, Vespa, etc. (b) Auto rickshaw / Three wheelers There has been a phenomenal increase in the number of auto rickshaw and tampoo in Bangladesh. Now, it is an important vehicle in Bangladesh. Low and middle class family members mainly use these vehicles. But, the government of Bangladesh has already banned these two vehicles to avoid environmental pollution. It is estimated that presently there are 160,000 auto rickshaws including unauthorized units in Dhaka City alone. There has been a phenomenal. – However, effective 1st September,2002, the two stroke auto rickshaw will be totally banned, which is expected to dramatically reduce the requirement of parts for these type of vehicles, but increase demand for the new CNG auto rickshaw and three stroke auto rickshaws will be there with increased demand for parts and components. (c) Motorcars Increased demand, economic development and changed life style have resulted in a great increase in the number of motor cars and the demand for motor cars is still increasing day by day. Both brand new and reconditioned cars are imported into the country. Statistics show that majority of the people usually prefer reconditioned motorcars more than brand new cars due to lower price. In Bangladesh, more than 65% of the total motorcars are coming from Japan. Many Bangladeshis living in Japan involve themselves in reconditioned car business. Recently, the government has put an age restriction on the import of reconditioned motor cars. Reconditioned cars more than 3 years old can not be imported. The government has also reduced the duties and taxes on the import of new cars to discourage reconditioned car import. Impact is that people now can buy new cars at a reasonable price having longer durability. The government has introduced new system of taxicab in 1998. As a result, the number of motorcars has been increasing. But, the requirement of spare parts and components will be lesser. Again, after the 1st September 2002, the ban of auto rickshaw will lead to a significant increase in motorcars mainly in the form of taxi cabs. Use of motorcars has increased tremendously, which is evident from the statistics for the last five years shown in the chart below: (d) Light & heavy commercial vehicles (bus, minibus, truck, pick-up, etc) Like the motorcar, there has been an increasing trend in the number of light and heavy commercial vehicles that include mini bus, bus, human howlers, passenger carriers, trucks, pick-ups, covered vans, large covered vans, etc. Over the last one decade, the use of these types of vehicles has increased at a high rate. This is due to increased demand for the these types of vehicles/automobiles effectively backed by institutional financial support to procure them. This growth rate will continue to increase in the near future. The average growth rate is 5. 63% and 4,644 in the number of vehicles annually. (e) Farm and agricultural equipment/vehicles Also, there is an increasing trend in the number of farm and agricultural equipment/vehicles due to increased application of modern tools and techniques in farming and agricultural production. Now-a-day, agricultural vehicles like power tiller, tractor and trailers are being used in the rural areas more frequently than the past. During the last one decade, various agricultural development projects funded by the different donor agencies have been implemented in the rural areas and under those programs, the farmers were given financial facilities through NGOs and banks to procure modern agricultural equipment including farm vehicles. One of the key elements that made this possible is the availability of lease financing facilities in the country and the large amount of agricultural credit funds. It has been observed that there is a reasonable growth in the number of agricultural equipment every year. This growth rate will continue to increase in the near future provided there is no drastic change in the government policy relating to agricultural sector like reduction in the subsidy and assistance and low cost fund for the farmers. The average annual growth rate is 2. 5% and 125 in number of vehicles every year. 3. 3 Estimated demand of automobile /vehicles in Bangladesh. Taking into consideration the future prospects and also keeping the resent growth pace influenced by various elements discussed earlier, it is expected that there would an additional increase in the use of vehicles. In view of the possible new avenues and prospects and looking into the weighted average growth rate of 6%, table below shows estimated demand for the next five years. Table: Projected demand of automobile /vehicles in Bangladesh |Vehicle/Year | |Taxi | |Bus/ Minibus | |Tractor |3,646 | |Headquarters |11, Agrabad C/A, Finley House (3rd floor) P. O. box no. 73 | | |Chittagong4100, Bangladesh | |Location of the factory |Barabkund, Dhaka-Chittagong Highway, Sitakund, Chittagong. | |Year of establishment |1966 under private ownership | |Nationalized Time |: After liberation of Bangladesh on 11th May, 1972 | |Types of operation |Assembling the Transport Vehicles | |Operated By |Bangladesh Steel and Engineering Corporation under the Ministry of industry | |Company Type |: Autonomous | |Initial Authorized Capital |20 Cores, Divided into 20,00,000 shares @tk100/- | |Paid-up Capital. |25 Lakhs, Divided into 25,000 no. of Ordinary Shares. | |Products |Car Assembling, Automotive Parts | |Main sources of CMD Kits from |: Vauxhall Motors of England; American Motors Corporation (AMC) of USA; Isuzu Motors | | |Corporation, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Nissan & Toyota Motors of Japan; KIA | | |Motors, Daewoo Motors of Korea; Aelous, Dong Feng of China; HML TATA, Swaraj Mazda, | | |Mahindra & Mahindra, Maruti, Eicher and Ashok Leyland of India | |Recent Initiative |A CNG Conversation Unit is established in Tejgoan Workshop at Dhaka. | |Nature of Business |Govt. approved automobiles marketing company, Sole Distributor of Isuzu, Suzuki | | |vehicles from Japan and Bajaj, Swaraj Mazda & Maruti vehicles from India. Parts & | | |Accessories, Sawafuji & Suzuki Generator from Japan, Scott & English industrial | | |Generator from Singapore & G. S. Automotive battery from Indonesia | | Initial production capacity |(Approximately) 200 | |Present production capacity | (Approximately) 900 | |Logo |[pic] | |Website |http://www. bsec. gov. bd/html/ent_progoti.php |. 4. 2 Aim of Pragoti Industries Limited The sky is not the limit for them but their expectations are within limit. Their imagination soars beyond conventional barriers. They share their destiny with their beloved motherland. They want to serve her the better in the greater quest for national economic emancipation.. 4. 3 Mission of PIL We shall be at the forefront of automobile industry development by: †¢ Anticipating automobiles required by all our customers everywhere and innovatively supplying them beyond expectation. †¢ Setting industry benchmarks of world class standard in delivering customer value through our comprehensive product range, customer service and all our activities †¢ Building an exciting team-based working environment that will attract, develop and retain employees of exceptional ability who help celebrate the success of our business, of our customers and of national development †¢ Maintaining the highest ethical standards and a community responsibility worthy of a leading corporate citizen †¢ Continuously improving productivity and profitability. 4. 4 Vision of PIL. To be in thee forefront of national development by providing all the customers inspirational strength, dependable support and the most comprehensive range of vehicle solutions, through our team of professionals who work passionately to be outstanding in everything we do. 4. 5 Organizational structure of the Pragoti Industries Ltd. (Agrabad Branch) Branches of Pragoti Industries Limited Chittagong Office 11, Agrabad C/A, Finley House (3rd floor), post box no. 73, Chittagong. Production Factory Barabkund, Dhaka-Chittagong Highway, Sitakund, Chittagong. Dhaka Office 151-152, Tejgaon C/A, Dhaka-1208. Pragoti Industries Limited (Local Management) |Name |Position | |Engr. Md. Nazmul Huda |Managing Director | |Md. Mustafizur Rahman |General Manager ( Marketing & Admin) | |Engr. Md. Ali Chowdhury |Addl. Chief Engineer (purchase) | |Engineer Nizamul Haque |Addl. Chief Engineer (In charge Plant) | |Dr. Zubaid-Ur-Rahman |Addl. Chief Medical Officer | |Md. Ashraful Haider Khandaker |DGM (Com) | |Md. Golam Nabi |Deputy Chief Accounts Officer | |Md. Faridul Islam |DGM (com) Dhaka Office | Board of Directors (PIL Company Board) |Sl. |Name |Designation | |1 |Md. Ataur Rahman |Chairman | | |Chairman, BSEC. | | | |Telephone: 88-02-8114616, 8112808. | | |2 |Mr. Md. Forhad Uddin |Director | | |Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Industries. | | | |Telephone: 88-02-9563561, 7194156 (Res. ) | | |3 |Mr. P R Borua |Director | | |Rtd. DIG. | | | |Phone: 88-02-8912414 | | |4 |Mr. Sheikh Md. Mobarak Hossain. |Director | | |Director (Planning & Development), BSEC | | | |Telephone: 88-02-8130473, 9338429 | | |5 |Mr. A T M Pearul Islam |Director | | |Telephone: 88-02-8122898, 9348371 Cell: 01711895957 | | |6 |Mr. Capt. (Retired) K. A. K. Modabber Hossain |Director | | |Secretary , BSEC | | | |Telephone: 88-02-8121451Res: 8757332 | | |7 |Mr. Dider Mohammad Abdur Rab |Director | | |Genarel Manager, Office of the General Manager, | | | |Sonali Bank Ltd,Chittagong. | | |8 |Engr. A. k. M. Solayman Haque |Managing Director | | |Managing Director, Pragoti Industries Ltd. | | | |Telephone: 88-031-723110, 725712 | | |9 |Mr. Md. Helal Uddin |Director | | |General Manager, Janata Bank Ltd, Divisional Office, | | | | 27 Agrabad C/A, Chittagong. | | | | | | Chapter- 5 Marketing organization of pragoti industry The â€Å"Marketing & Sales Department† of PIL is one of the most important departments of PIL. In this department, there are one DGM (Depute general manager), two assistant manager and four executives. They are smart, energetic, experienced and high educated. They are capable of handling clients and selling the products in the efficient and effective way. [pic] Role & Responsibilities of â€Å"Marketing & Sales Department†: ? Providing Quotation among prospect about inquiry. ? Receiving order from different prospect or customer. ? Selecting specific model for customer from factory on behalf of their choice. ? Direction to factory engineer for made up pre requisite model base on customer choice. ? Delivery the order pre specific date. ? Receiving product price through cash, chque, or money receipt. ? Deposit that amount into accounts department. ? Attending seminar, symposium as part of marketing activities. ? Input all of sales & money receipt in respective journal. Chapter- 6 Marketing Mix strategies of Pragoti Industries 6. 1 Product: As we have known that Pragoti industries limited does not produce auto mobiles but only assembles the auto mobiles. After assembling it mainly markets the following products: Product name and model, origin of CKD & country of origin |Sl No |Product name |Model |Origin of CKD ( ClOSE KNOCK DOWN) |Country of origin | |1 |MITSUBISHI PAJERO 4. 4 |LWB WGON |MITSUBISHI MOTOR |JAPAN | | | |V31VHNDKB |CORPORATION | | |2 |MITSUBISHI PAJERO |KH4WGNMR |MITSUBISHI MOTOR |JAPAN | | |CR-45 | |CORPORATION | | |3 |TATA TC BUS |LP01316 TC |TATA ENGINEERING & |INDIA | | | | |LOCOMOTIVE COMPANY LTD. | | |4 |TATA MINI TRUCK |LPT 709 |TATA ENGINEERING & |INDIA | | | | |LOCOMOTIVE COMPANY LTD. | | |5 |ASHOK LEYLAND MINI TRUCK |HR-55 |ASHOK LEYLAND LTD |INDIA | |6 |NISSAN NAVARA PIC UP |YD25DDTI |NISSAN MOTORS LTD. |JAPAN | |7 |MITSUBISHI MICROBUS L-300 |P13WHLNDER |MITSUBISHI MOTOR |JAPAN | | | | |CORPORATION | | Pragoti Industries ltd. Product name, model & Specification/Features: |Sl No |Product Name |Model |Specification/Features | | | | | | |1 |MITSUBISHI PAJERO 4. 4 |LWB WGON |Long wheel base, 5 door, 9 set ( approved by BRTA), Petrol engine 4. 4, 4 cylinder, | | | |V31VHNDKB |86 k. w. horse power/117 PS/5500 RPS, drive by right hand, hard top metal, 2350 CC, | | | | |wheel base 2725 m. m. , digital clock, cigarette lighter, fold belt, power steering, 1| | | | |additional wheel with cover. | | | | |Co lour – BLACK | |2 |MITSUBISHI PAJERO CR-45 |KH4WGNMR |Long wheel base, 5 door, 7 set ( approved by BRTA), Diesel engine 4 WD, 4 cylinder, | | | | |100 k. w. horse power/136 PS/3500 RPS, drive by right hand, hard top metal, 2477 CC, | | | | |wheel base 2800 m. m. , power steering, 1 additional wheel with cover. | | | | |Co lour – BLACK,SILVER | |3 |TATA TC BUS |LP01316 TC |Tata LPO-1316/55TC,52 set Deluxe bus, power steering, 4*2, Drive by right hand,6 | | | | |cylinder, horse power 160PS/K. W120/2500 RPM, Water cold, Diesel engine, Wheel Base | | | | |5545 CC,1additionl wheel. | |4 |TATA MINI TRUCK |LPT 709 |Tata LPT-709 EX, 3. 5 ton truck chassis, 4. *2, 4 cylinder, 3783 CC, Turbo Charge | | | | |inter cooled, diesel engine, Drive by right hand, Wheel Base 3400 CC, output 66. 3 | | | | |km,90 PS/2400RPS,1additionl wheel. | |5 |ASHOK LEYLAND MINI Truck |HR-55 |HR-55 in 1. 5 ton mini truck chassis, 4 cylinder, 2771 CC in line over heed volt | | | | |direct injection, water cold, diesel engine, power steering, output: 59 k. w/3600RPM,| |6 |NISSAN NAVARA PIC UP |YD25DDTI |Double Cabin 4/4, Dingell pick up,2488 (2500) CC, 4 Door, 5set with driver, power | | | | |steering, 128 horse power/4000 RPS, Wheel Base 3200, radio, Digital Clock, CD | | | | |player, power Window, Bumper | |7 |MITSUBISHI MICROBUS |P13WHLNDER | 5 door (Sliding both side), 12 set ( approved by BRTA), 4. 2 cylinder, 86 k. w. | | |L-300 | |horse power/114 PS/5750 RPS, drive by right hand, hard top metal, power steering, 1 | | | | |additional wheel with cover, bilt in ac . | | | | |Co lour – WHITE | 6. 2 Services: In case of providing services Pragoti industries limited is not exception. Like other automobiles industries it provides services which are followings every product has one year warrantee. All repairmen services are provided through 7 (seven) servicing agents of Pragoti Industries Ltd which are situated at Dhaka and Chittagong. A. Dhaka city: No. of agents -05. The servicing agents are at Motijeel, Fakirarpul, Tejgaon, Baridhara and Tongi. B. Chittagong City: No. of servicing agents – 02. The servicing agents are at Sholoshahar and Jamal Khan Lane Product. 6. 3 Pricing: Price is the element of the marketing mix that produces revenue; the other elements produce costs. Price is the easiest marketing mix elements to adjust; product features, channel, and even promotion take more time. Price also communicates to the market the company’s intended value position of its product and brand. Companies set prices by selecting a general pricing approach that includes one or more of three sets of factors. We examine these approaches: the cost base approach (cost plus pricing, break-even analysis, and target profit pricing); the buyer-based approach (value-based pricing); and the competition-based approach (going rate and sealed bid pricing) Pragoti’s pricing Method: Pragoti fo0llows the cost- based method in setting prices of all its products. They consider different prices and estimate break-even volumes, probable demand, and profits for each. Pragoti Industries ltd. Product name, price per unit & payment terms: |Sl No |Product Name |Price per unit |Payment terms | | | | | | |1 |MITSUBISHI PAJERO 4. 4 |55,00,000 |Fully cash | | | |3,05,000 | | | | |Total=58,05,000 | | |2 |MITSUBISHI PAJERO CR-45 |75,00,000/= |Fully cash | | | |76,000/= | | | |With additional fittings |Total=75,76,000 | | |3 |TATA TC BUS |24,58,000 |35% in down payment, additional 65% paid 18% interest with 36 monthly | | | | |installment. | |4 |TATA MINI TRUCK |16,50,000 |Fully cash | |5 |ASHOK LEYLAND MINI Truck |16,50,000 |Fully cash | |6 |NISSAN NAVARA PIC UP |41,72,000 |Fully cash | |7 |MITSUBISHI MICROBUS |28,50,000 |Fully cash | | |L-300 | | | 6. 4 Promotion: In recent time marketing not only calls for just developing a good product but also pricing it attractively and making it available to the targeted customer. Companies also must communicate with their customers and they try to create a good customer relation among them. To communicate well, the firm often hires advertising agencies to develop effective advertisement, give appointment to active experienced officers and executives, give on – line services to the big businessmen or organization, and create a private relationship with clients. As PIL assembles automobiles for selective customers it spends less than the others. It mainly uses two types promotion. They are: †¢ Consumer promotion tools & Advertising †¢ 6. 4. 1 Consumer promotion tools: Short term incentive to encourage the sales of service or products of the firm is called sales promotion. PIL uses the following Consumer promotion tools they are: Price Pack: At the time of festival PIL offer some special discount for Suzuki vehicles. Cash refund offer: PIL still thinking about it. Patronage reward: For corporate sales (Huge quantity) special discount offering. 6. 4. 2 Advertising: Advertisement is the fine art of convincing people that the doors to open standards are never closed. The Advertisement plan & campaign plan are similar in outline & structure. It matches the right audience to the right Message & represents it in the right medium to reach that audience. †¢ Objective of advertising plan are †¢ Create awareness among 60% of target audience. Pragoti industries use the following media for advertising its products. They are Newspaper: Advertise publish in The Daily Newspaper with multi colour, regarding after sales service facilities. Direct mail: New product’s catalogue sends by direct mail with product specification, advantage and design. Calendar: Every year Pragoti Publishes colourful and attractive calendar with picture of their products. Direct mail: New product’s catalogue sends by direct mail with product specification. Advertising problems: PIL often can not advertise in the media since it is very expensive and difficulty in the corporate level. Finance 6. 4. 3 Distribution Channel: Most of the Producers use intermediaries to bring their products to market. They try to forge a distribution channel—a set of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user. The distribution functions of PIL are made by 32 dealers. Functions of the dealers: †¢ Sell the cars to the private company, people or NGO which are produced by the 1st party. Here Pragoti is the 1st party, †¢ They cannot sell other company’s cars except the Pragoti within the duration of the contract, †¢ The full payment will be collected by them from the buyers, †¢ Help the buyers in taking permission from BRTA, †¢ Will sell at least 40 cars within the deed duration, The performance will be evaluated after 6 months. Dealership will be cancelled if they fail to achieve the quota.